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Historically the field of Dentistry was precise and was considered related to dentition only. Now a day, Dentistry is considered as that branch of medicine which is involved in the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and disorders of not only the Oral cavity, but the maxillofacial region as well. There is no doubt to the fact that Dentistry is widely considered important for the overall health of an individual. This is attributed to the fact that a majority of systemic diseases have a presenting oral sign or a symptom. Furthermore, there is no denying to the fact that Maxillofacial Radiology is considered as the backbone of Dentistry in terms of Investigation, treatment planning as well as follow up. The maxillofacial region is considered as one of the most anatomically complex regions of the body. It extends from the base of the skull to the hyoid bone. However this area contains elements and organs which belong to different systems that can be affected by a variety of local and systemic pathologic processes. Diagnostic Maxillofacial Radiology and Imaging has assumed a lead central role in the evaluation of this region. Fast technologic evolution in the field of Maxillofacial Radiology has made it possible to make utmost accurate and safe diagnosis. This has further led to precise treatment planning as well as follow up. This technological evolution has made Maxillofacial Radiology as an integral part for all the specialities of Dentistry. Although computed tomography in dentistry was a dream 20 years ago, today it has become a very important diagnostic tool. Similarly, the recent introduction of Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Electromagnetic Resonance Imaging Devices and Ultrasonographic with intraoral probes has further upgraded the field of Maxillofacial Radiology. Owing to the unmatched importance of Maxillofacial Radiology, this particular Guest Edited issue is dedicated to the current research on Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology. Henceforth, I would like to congratulate the vision of the editorial board of The Open Dentistry Journal at Bentham Science Publishers, for realizing a special issue on this topic.