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Nanotechnology has shown tremendous applications in healthcare promising better alternatives to diagnose and treat HIV-1 infection. The significant drug load, lengthy regimen, emergence of drug resistance and poor patient compliance result in the poor management of HIV-1 patients. Attributes like sustained release, increased half-life, higher drug concentrations at target sites, reduced toxicity and lesser side effects have made nanotechnology based therapy a desirable prospect. It targets not only active virus but also targets latent HIV in anatomically privileged sites. New strategies like RNAi interference have the added advantage of specific targeting and targeting persistent reservoirs. However, because of the severity of the disease, there is a strong urge to develop better approaches with some concomitant regimens using nano-particles to diagnose and treat HIV patients. The current review highlights some of the advancements in HIV-1 related nanotherapeutics.